Pag-aaral ng Wika
Grammar Rules
1.Cases (ANG, NG, SA, PARA SA)
a.Halimbawa ng ANG (indicator of subject): Kinuha ni Pedro ANG punong-kahoy sa gubat. (object focus)
b.Halimbawa ng NG (indicator of object): Kumuha si Pedro NG punong-kahoy sa gubat. (actor focus)
c.Halimbawa ng SA (indicator of location): Kumuha si Pedro ng punong-kahoy SA gubat. (Pedro got some wood in the forest)
d.Halimbawa ng PARA SA (indicator of benefactor): Kinuha ni Pedro ang punong-kahoy sa gubat PARA SA bahay. (Pedro got some wood in the forest for the house)
2.Verb (Aspect and Focus)
a.Halimbawa: balik (return)
3.Word Order
a.We use “po” usually as the second word in a sentence, except for when there are other one-syllable words
b.Halimbawa: “Pasensiya na po!”
4.Morphology (affixation to make a word a noun, verb, adjective)
a.We sometimes make a word a noun by simply adding ka-an to a root word
i.Halimbawa: ka-ganda-han = kagandahan
b.We make a word a verb if we are able to conjugate it, such as adding “um” or “in”
i.Halimbawa: g-um-anda = gumanda
c.We make a word an adjective when we add prefixes such as “ma” or “napaka”
i.Halimbawa: ma-ganda = maganda
ii.Halimbawa: napaka-ganda = napakaganda
5.Conjunctions
a.We use “Kung kaya” or “Kaya” to connect two clauses that are cause and effect. They both translate to “therefore” or “that’s why.”
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b.Halimbawa: “Si Elena ay isang magandang babae, kung kaya’t agad na napaibig si Pedro sa rito.”
- Hazel Abaya
1) Case – “Kaya ang hari ay pumayag na makuha muli ng magsasaka ang kanyang asawa, ngunit kung mapipili niya ito mula sa tatlong magkakamukhang mga anak na babae” The use of “sa” as “from” to indicate what/where the farmer must choose.
2) Verb focus – “Tumakbo siya palapit sa mga engkantada at tiningnan ang mga palad ng bawat isa.” Use of “tingin” as a –in verb rather than –um– verb to indicate focus.
3) Word order – “Siya ay pinapasok, pero tumanggi ang hari na ipakita sa kanya ang kanyang mga anak na babae” instead of “Siya ay admitido pasukan, pero ang hari tumanggi na ipaalam sa kanya makita ang kanyang anak na babae” to indicate the subject of the clause, who is doing the refusing.
4) Adjective – “Ang kanilang mga pakpak na bahaghari, makinis na kayumangging kutis, mahabang itim na buhok, at perpektong mukha ay pawang nagkakaparehong lahat.” Use of linkers like “na” and “-ng” to connect adjectives with the nouns they are describing.
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5)Morphology – “magsasaka” as farmer which is a noun derived from the verb “magsaka” which means “to farm/to cultivate”. To change the word from a verb to a noun, the first consonant/vowel just needs to be reduplicated to mean farmer, or one who farms.
- Cristal Crowley 
Click on the powerpoint presentations to view.
Itong PowerPoint ay tungkol sa pagsasalaysay. Ang pagsalaysay ay isang pagkukuwento ng mga karanasan. Ginagamit ito sa mga alamat, epiko, kuwento, at nobela. Sa PowerPoint, tinatalakay ang alamat ng saging. Sa kuwento, tinatalakay kung paano naging “saging” ang mga saging at kung paano nila nakuha ang pangalan nila.
This PowerPoint is about narration. A narration is a telling of experiences. It can be about legends, epics, stories, or novels. In the PowerPoint, the legend of the banana is discussed. In the story, the reader is told how a bananas became to be known as “saging” and how they were given their name.
Aanhin pa ang Damo kung Patay na ang Kabayo?
Itong PowerPoint ay tungkol sa pangangatwiran ng mga Pilipino. Sinasabi ng PowerPoint na makikita mo ang likas na paraan ng pangangatwiran ng mga Pilipino sa halip ng salawikain: “Aanhin pa ang damo kung patay na ang kabayo?” Ang salin ng salawikain ay: “Ano ang saysay ng tulong kung hindi na magagamit ng nangangailangan ang tulong?” Sa mga halimbawang nandito sa PowerPoint, makikita mo na ang lohika ng mga Pilipino ay galing sa kalikasan.
This powerpoint is about Filipino argumentation. This PowerPoint states that you will have a glimpse of Filipino reasoning through the proverb: “What use is grass if the horse is already dead?” This proverb can roughly be equated to: “What use is helping someone if the person you are helping no longer needs help?” Through the examples in this PowerPoint, you will see that Filipino logic is derived from their environment.
